Note on cost basis: All USD amounts from US government sources (GAO, CBO, DoD) in this article are expressed in Base Year 2012 Dollars (BY2012$). Adjusted for inflation to 2026, actual values are approximately 40–50% higher.
The F-35A is equipped with two data link systems: Link-16 (omnidirectional) and MADL (Multifunction Advanced Data Link, directional). Link-16 transmits signals in all directions, creating an electronic signature that can be detected by adversary sensors. The use of Link-16 increases the probability that otherwise stealthy F-35s can be detected and tracked [9].
MADL, by contrast, uses phased-array antennas with tightly focused signals and offers Low Probability of Intercept/Low Probability of Detection (LPI/LPD) [10]. However, MADL only enables F-35-to-F-35 communication in stealth mode [11].
For integration into the existing Swiss air defence system (FLORAKO), MADL ground stations are required. Available sources provide no evidence that Switzerland has ordered such ground stations [12]. Likewise, there is no evidence of a SATCOM order [12].
Without MADL ground infrastructure and SATCOM, the Swiss F-35 fleet is heavily reliant on Link-16 for communication with existing systems -- with the stealth compromises described above.
One tactical gateway solution envisions an F-35 deep in the operational area relaying data via MADL to a second F-35, which then communicates via Link-16 [13]. This solution requires at least two F-35s airborne simultaneously. With a reduced fleet of 30 aircraft and a Mission Capable Rate of 51.5%, only an average of 15 mission-ready aircraft are available [14] -- making the gateway solution resource-intensive.
Translated from the German version. See the German version for complete references.